How to Get the Current Tab URL in a Chrome Extension

🌐 How to Get the Current Tab URL in a Chrome Extension

This guide will show you how to efficiently retrieve the URL of the current tab in a Google Chrome extension using the latest recommended methods.

🧰 Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of JavaScript and HTML
Familiarity with Chrome extension development

🪜 Steps to Get the Current Tab URL

1. Update Your Manifest File

Ensure your manifest.json file includes the necessary permissions:

{
  "permissions": [
    "tabs"
  ]
}

Alternatively, for a less intrusive approach:

{
  "permissions": [
    "activeTab"
  ]
}

2. Use the Chrome Tabs API

The method you use depends on your extension's context:

a) 📦 Background Script (`background.js`)

// background.js

chrome.tabs.onUpdated.addListener((tabId, changeInfo, tab) => {
  if (changeInfo.status === 'complete') {
    chrome.tabs.query({active: true, currentWindow: true}, function(tabs) {
      if (tabs[0]) {
        let currentUrl = tabs[0].url;
        console.log('Current tab URL:', currentUrl);
      }
    });
  }
});

b) 📄 Popup Script (`popup.js` with `popup.html`)

popup.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My Extension Popup</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="url-display"></div>
    <script src="popup.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

popup.js:

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
  chrome.tabs.query({active: true, currentWindow: true}, function(tabs) {
    if (tabs[0]) {
      let currentUrl = tabs[0].url;
      console.log(currentUrl);
      document.getElementById('url-display').textContent = currentUrl;
    }
  });
});

c) 🧠 Content Script (`content.js`)

// content.js

let currentUrl = window.location.toString();
console.log('Current page URL:', currentUrl);

// Send to background script
chrome.runtime.sendMessage({action: "reportURL", url: currentUrl});

// Conditionally act on specific URL
if (currentUrl.includes('example.com')) {
  // Perform actions for example.com
}

🔄 Handle the URL

Once retrieved, use the URL as needed:

Store it in chrome.storage
Send it to your backend
Modify page behavior based on URL

⚠️ Important Notes

Permission Choice:
- Use "tabs" for broad access
- Use "activeTab" for limited, user-triggered access
Window Focus:
- currentWindow: true refers to the current window
- lastFocusedWindow: true may refer to a different window
Error Handling:
Always check if tabs[0] exists before accessing its properties.
Async Nature:
Use the URL inside the callback or use async/await for modern code.

✅ Best Practices

Handle potential errors gracefully
Prefer async/await for cleaner code
Be aware of your execution context (background, popup, content)
Respect user privacy when handling URLs

If this guide helped you better understand Chrome Extensions, share it with other developers and check out more tutorials from the Mellowtel Team!

How to Get the Current Tab URL in a Chrome Extension